Drug Courts Can Reduce Overcrowding
Recently I had the opportunity to participate in a panel discussion at the Alabama Bar Association Conference, on good judicial practices. It was quite evident from listening to various speakers from across the state that Shelby County is leading the way in solving major overcrowding problems with its drug court program. Many other counties are creating these courts as well.
Currently state studies show that about 85% of child abuse and other criminal cases involve alcohol or drugs. What is even more disturbing is the fact that these cases are taking up a great number of prison beds that should normally be occupied by violent offenders. While it is politically popular to talk about “locking them up and throwing away the key” criminal justice, the fact is this mentality only creates overcrowded jails that allow for more violent offenders to go free at the expense of creating space for non-violent first time drug users. This is an insane correctional system and is not tough on crime, but stupid about crime. Violent criminals should serve their full sentence and not be released because of an overcrowding of non-violent first time offenders.
Drug courts in Shelby County have shown that by creating an intensive drug abuse program and making those who have a drug abuse problem pay for their treatment you can drastically reduce repeat offenders. The Shelby County Drug Court currently pays for about 80% of its own cost by requiring drug offenders to pay for their own rehabilitation. In other words, the court is making the criminal pay for the cost of running this program at the expense of the offender. Should people who break the law be punished for their crime? Yes. Should we have a system that works to prevent someone from repeating their crime? Absolutely. Not only does the drug court mandate personal responsibility, it also provides an avenue for people to clean their lives up. This system not only frees up prison space for violent offenders, it also assures that those committing violent crimes stay in prison longer as opposed to being released earlier under pressure from courts to reduce jail overcrowding.
I have always been an advocate for a tough criminal justice system but we need to be smarter about this in Alabama. While I still believe in the necessity in strong punishment for violent criminals, I also believe we must find a way to deal with the ever growing drug abuse problem in our community and what it is doing to our prison overcrowding.
Bravo Rep. Ward…now if we can just get the same kind of commitment from other members of the legislature.
Comment by Kristopher — July 24, 2007 @ 12:39 pm
Here’s the pitch for the other neanderthals in the legislature: it will save the state money. Rather than spending gobs for the prosecution and incarceration of those guilty of simple possession, divert them into much less expensive, and much more effective, court-order drug rehab programs. It’s a no-brainer, which probably means that it won’t have a chance in our legislature.
Comment by Big Mo — July 24, 2007 @ 5:17 pm
While a drug court can work wonders in metro areas of high employment and treatment resources, it will flounder in rural areas were jobs are scarce, treatment centers non existent and courts operate on shoe string budgets. There will be startup costs which will have to come from somewhere.
Comment by walt moffett — July 24, 2007 @ 9:24 pm
Good point Walt.
The state has started providing seed money to get these courts started and now many are mostly self sustaining but you are right about some of the challenges ahead. You mentioned one of the biggest hurdles that needs to be overcome.
Comment by Cam Ward — July 24, 2007 @ 9:27 pm
This does seem to be a very effective idea. I do have two quick questions though…
1. Do these drug courts require a dedicated judge, prosecutor, etc.?
2. Are the “treatment providers” private enterprises or government run?
Thanks for kicking off this discussion!
Comment by trav — July 24, 2007 @ 11:03 pm
Mr. Ward, I might honestly accept this in lieu of complete legalization (which I usually strive for). I’ve never claimed that drug use (at least “hard” drugs) wasn’t a problem. If this Shelby County drug court shows success at treatment, then I might be on board. Has there been any studies on its effectiveness?
Comment by Dan — July 25, 2007 @ 7:16 am
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Pingback by BTL: What he said — July 25, 2007 @ 7:17 am
I’ve heard from Madison County prosecutors that some defendants weigh the costs / benefits of drug court vs prison and then choose prison - because it’s cheaper and easier. However, it seems to work for people who don’t expect to have a lasting relationship with the justice system.
Comment by Reactionary — July 25, 2007 @ 8:13 am
Dan, I am getting the stats from Shelby County right now and as soon as I have them I will post them.
Trav, you brought up two good questions which were not raised before. First, you do not have to have a seperate judge that deals only with drug court although in an ideal world it would work a lot better. In Shelby County we have one judge who does handle drug court for us in addition to his other duties. Second, the treatment provider is generally left to the drug offender but most of the time it is a private provider.
Comment by Cam Ward — July 25, 2007 @ 8:21 am
This brings up an interesting question in my mind, which–since Shelby County is already implementing this program–I’m sure there’s data to answer. I assume that most people incarcerated for drug possession are low income. Not that higher income folks don’t use drugs, but I’d guess they are smarter about not getting caught, and if they are, they can afford better legal representation.
Are these low income drug offenders actually financially able to pay for their own treatment? I’m not sure how long treatment lasts or how much it costs, but I suspect it’s not cheap.
Comment by D — July 25, 2007 @ 8:52 am
Actually in Shelby County the drug courts have been split pretty even with both high income (cocaine, meth users) and low income (crack, meth users). As soon as I get the data on how the rehab. is afforded and the stats on it I will post them on this blog.
Comment by Cam Ward — July 25, 2007 @ 9:13 am
This is a great post Cam. Thanks for covering this topic. I am working to bring a drug
court to Tallapoosa Co. The only big problem I have with the whole drug court program is
the insistance that regular old marijuana consumers like myself are subjected to it. Most
people who consume cannabis in the privacy of their own homes are not a problem and do not
require treatment of any kind. Marijuana is not an addictive drug like tobacco, alcohol
or harder illicit drugs. However, since there are more pot smokers than say meth or cocaine
addicts you will eventually run into the same problem you are now having in prisons…
not enough beds for those who are truly addicted because they too are stuffed with pot
smokers who do not need to be there.
I live and work for the day that drug use and addiction will be removed from the criminal
justice system and dealt with from a health and social standpoint.
People who suffer from addiction should not be branded as criminals…their lives are
already hard enough.
Comment by Loretta Nall — July 25, 2007 @ 9:58 am
Oh, by the way, Cam…I have a book that I meant to give you during the session but didn’t see you again on the last
day I was down there. If you’ll give me an address I will drop it in the mail.
Comment by Loretta Nall — July 25, 2007 @ 10:01 am
As someone with experience with Shelby County’s drug court system (and having been a thirty-day resident at the Columbiana Orange Jumpsuit Spa and Resort), I’d like to share my insight. The reason people choose jail over drug court is simple: drug court is designed to suck your wallet dry and THEN send you to jail. The endless meetings, urine tests, group brainwashing sessions, referral officer check-ins, and ancillary obligations mean that it is almost impossible to keep a job and complete the program. It is easier to get a leave of absence from your employer and do some jail time than it is to explain to your employer that you need Wednesdays and Thursdays off for the next four months so you can have your brain reprogrammed by the state of Alabama. Consider that every person attending drug court has had their driver’s license suspended, and you can see how the logistical problems are almost insurmountable. Couple that with the facts that the meetings are useless propaganda exercises (”drugs are bad…..m’kay?”), that every offer of “help” is used as leverage to get you more deeply embroiled (and more deeply in debt), and that all the meetings end with a Christian prayer (whatever happened to the separation of church and state?), and you have a system that a) doesn’t really give a damn about getting anyone off of drugs, because the more times addicts cycle through the system the more money the system makes and b) sets people up for failure and incarceration by creating a set of conditions that are almost impossible to fulfill. I’m sure people with serious addictions to heroin, methamphetamine, alcohol, and benzodiazapines can benefit from the structure and external discipline the drug court system imposes, but as a guy who got caught with a couple of joints worth of pot, I found the whole thing useless, expensive, and infuriating. It was Kafkaesque: if I said I didn’t have a drug problem, then I’m in denial and I must have a drug problem! As long as marijuana is lumped in with hard drugs, the hypocrisy of the system is on display for all to see, and undermines whatever putative good the drug courts may achieve.
Of course, we could also talk about how the Shelby County work release program is owned by the sister of a judge, is run like a plantation, and is inefficent, corrupt, and dehumanizing, but I’ll save that for another screed.
*waves at Loretta* Hiya, gorgeous! Keep up the good fight!
Comment by BitterOldPunk — July 25, 2007 @ 11:47 am
BoP I am so glad you are back! I just posted about you on my blog. And thank you so much for posting about what drug courts really are designed to do, which is to flat out extort money from people in exchange for not locking them up. BRAVO for saying so. It could eaisly be said that the state suffers from addiction to drug users.
However, I think that it is a better alternative than prison because prison is such a dangerous place for a non-violent drug offender. Lots of prison rape, terrible diseases, violence and a graduate school in “How to be a thug.” It is a step in the right direction for getting the drug use issue moved out of the criminal justice system where it never belonged to begin with.
If you are still working at the same place let me know. I have a friend who lives a stones throw away and I am out that way quite a bit. I’ll stop in for a drink.
Comment by Loretta Nall — July 25, 2007 @ 2:42 pm
The big scam that folks don’t understand and that is being sold by Shelby county is this— this county is the most per capita income in Alabama. It is near a major metro area where jobs are plentiful. So they have a pool of clients who can pay some. They also admit lightweights drug folks who by and far, aren’t prison bound. The true target population should be the habitual offenders, property crimes and all –i.e. those folks strung out on narcotics, crack , meth. These folks need longer term residential ( 38.00 a day - state cost ) and long term intensive outpatient with lots of wrap around services — voc rehab, medical care , mental health consults because they are invariably depressed and need meds ( up to 600-1000 dollars a month ) So , how do THESE folks ” pay their own way” ? And don’t forget the Severe Mentally ill who happen to get busted— they are on SSI — do they pay their own way? So the simplistic PAY THEIR OWN WAY stuff sounds so good , but it boils down to drug courts nationally only serve 10% tops of the CJS population and these are the pot folks or low level folks who can quit on their own or need only light services. That is the population that is PAYING— but the vast majority of folks are incredibly poor, depressed with multi-needs that go way beyond just drug treatment or NA or AA groups.
Cam, what happens to someone on SSI Disability who cannot afford the costs of drug court and drug testing? Are they sent to prison and put on the taxpayers tab? What about those who are suffer from severe mental illness? What wrap-around services are offered? How many of Shelby Co. drug court clients are there for simple possession of marijuana?
Comment by Loretta Nall — July 26, 2007 @ 7:33 am
Loretta, I have a lot of respect for you and your positions but I have to tell you I am disappointed in your recent post. Scam? You point out Shelby County being the highest per capita. Well then lets look at the most successful drug court program in state- Escambia County and Cherokee County Alabama. Both very rural and not near any metro job market and relatively poor counties. In those two drug courts, like Shelby County’s, the highest drug use was not from Marijuana Loretta, it was from crack cocaine, meth, and oxycontin which made up 88% of all the drug court cases. How many drug court cases were simple possession of marijuana in Shelby County drug courts? 0% yes 0% because like the other successful drug courts around the state other crimes were committed which brought them to court in the first place. Usually these were crimes like you mentioned, they were busted for property crimes, and other non-violent offenses of people who would be going to jail under the law but drug court gives them a voluntary option to do something else. Also, the Escamabia County Drug Court, like the Shelby County Drug Court, uses Rehab. treatment centers (those who cannot afford it are given services, psychologists, and yes job placement centers to help those who do not already have jobs. Many of those coming to the drug courts do already have jobs but there is an effort to place those who don’t.
Loretta, these courts are by no means perfect but they are having an impact on overcrowding. Contrary to the mentality of lock em up and throw way the key which our state has so wrongly followed for years, this program actually tries to be smarter. It is going to take a lot more funding to make it work but it is a frame work for a better judicial and corrections system than we have now.
A scam?? That is disappointing coming from you Loretta because the easy route would be to forget about so many of these folks instead of trying to help them get back on their feet. No the courts cannot give everyone a job and free medical care but at least this is a program that has proven to help many people. I know your position on the legalization of marijuana but drug courts very very seldom even deal with issues of simple possession of any drug.
Comment by Cam Ward — July 26, 2007 @ 8:32 am
I agree that any solution other than incarceration for misdemeanor possession is a step in the right direction, but twenty-plus years of “War On Drugs” rhetoric has so poisoned rational discourse about drug policy that drug courts end up being kangaroo courts. I remember a mandatory brain-washing session I attended wherein the counselor dismissed needle-exchange programs because “they make it easier to shoot dope”. I looked at my classmates faces; they were incredulous, they couldn’t believe how naive and irrational the guy was. Everything else dude said after that fell on deaf ears, valuable as it might have been. I know that’s merely one example of one guy in one class in one very conservative back-assward state, but….
OK, so I don’t like drug courts, and I don’t like prison. What do I like? In a perfect world, pot would be legal to grow, sell, and use — with appropriate age requirements, licensing, taxation,and penalties for driving under the influence, just like booze. Hallucinogens would be used by trained professionals in controlled environments for cognitive behavioral therapy, a technique that has shown great promise in treating alcoholism and depression in studies elsewhere. (US researchers cannot get grant money to do such studies here.) In a perfect world, there’d be plenty of beds available for in-patient treatment for junkies of every stripe, and it would be paid for out of the State Marijuana and Church Property Tax Fund. In a perfect world, there’d be 311 service to every citizen with a phone, and a wiki log of all calls.
Oops. Got all pie in the sky there. Sorry for the length of the post. I get all excited when Loretta pays attention to me.
Comment by BitterOldPunk — July 26, 2007 @ 11:43 am
Cam,
My use of the word ’scam’ was not intended to be disrespectful of the work that you do in this area nor was it intended to imply that you are somehow responsible for scamming anyone. I apologize if it was taken in that context. I should have been clearer. But, although there are some good drug courts that strive to make the program work there are many that are nothing but scams to get money out of people while offering extremely little in return.
You said in your reply that rarely do people get drug court for simple possession….but that doesn’t make any sense. According to the Shelby Co. Drug Court website people charged with simple possession are about the only ones eligible for drug court. From the website:
“Who Qualifies for Drug Court?
Any person charged with the illegal possession of use of marijuana, cocaine, controlled substances, or drug paraphernalia, or who is charged with obtaining or using forged prescriptions, is potentially eligible for Drug Court. Persons who are currently charged with or have past convictions for sale or distribution of marijuana, cocaine, or controlled substances are not eligible for Drug Court. Individuals who have current charges or past convictions for any crime of violence, including but not limited to murder, manslaughter, rape, felony assault or crimes involved the use or illegal possession of firearms are not eligible for Drug Court. Additionally, Applicants may be rejected for entry into Drug Court by the District Attorney’s office or the Drug Court Team for reasons particular to the Applicants case or background. Any Drug Court Applicant who is rejected for Drug Court entry shall be subject to the normal judicial process, and the Drug Court Application and rejection shall not affect or prejudice his or her case in any way.”
As for the “0% go through Shelby Co. drug court for marijuana”….how did you get that number? I know three people right now who are in Shelby Co. drug court for simple possession of marijuana. One just got his drug court transferred to Jefferson Co. since that is where he resides. If they aren’t routed through drug court then where do they wind up?
The cost of going into Cherokee Co Drug Court was upward from 2,000 bucks, closer to 3 or 4 thousand. Franklin County is 3,000 I believe. How many Meth addicts in Cherokee county go to residential treatment, are given a psychiatric consult, meds if necessary and monthly follow up appointments ? How much do urines cost? How much must they pay their CRO ? As to eligibility and prison bound folks, there is a prison bound scale , the 10 point scale, that determines if a person is truly prison bound . Based on this scale , a score of 10 or more , you are likely to go to prison. Its determined mainly by prior record. Are there Burglary 3 degree or 2nd degree cases in Shelby County courts ? What about auto theft ? What about Receiving Stolen Property ? Have you talked to David Horn , Shelby County Drug court administrator and ask how many 10 point felons are in Drug Court? Also, how many participants are sent to residential treatment ? How many Voc Rehab referrals. How many folks on SSI are in these courts? What provisions are made for indigent offenders ? The point that I am trying to make is that yes, DC’s are a step forward but if we are not careful , we will stomp the poor and the truly medium and higher risk folks won’t see these alternatives.
That isn’t what I want to happen and I am sure it isn’t what you want to see happen because I believe you have the right motives in supproting drug courts and reducing prison overcrowding. We should see that it is done properly.
Comment by Loretta Nall — July 26, 2007 @ 12:30 pm
You do raise some good point Loretta and I do know you are coming from a perspective of loosening which drugs should and should not be illegal in Alabama. So we do come at it from different angles. I will be the first to say that there is a lot more that can be done to improve this system. I have witnessed the testimonials and read a lot of comments from those who came through drug court and it is costly but to a person each of them were very thankfulo for that chance as opposed to prison. Obviously prison would have been a whole lot more expensive that the amount of money it cost them to get cleaned up. Of course I am sure there are those who did not have a good experience with drug courts. I know looking at the stats and talking to Judge Joiner and David Horn over here you do see a lot of poor people getting help through this process. In fact most of the people going through the drug courts are low income residents so I don’t think the poor are being stomped on this process. It is harder for many low income residents to afford the program and that is an issue that has to be addressed more I think but there will never be a system in place that has the government taking on the rehabilitation for everyone who suffers from an addiction. As a libertarian I am sure you don’t supoort the govt taking on that role either although there are smarter ways we can approach rehab and treatment in Alabama and the US.
As for the marijuana possession part, again I am not going to get into should be legal or not legal debate with you I do know that from the people who run the drug program over here in my county and the statistics I have seen from Escambia County while possession alone might be a qualification for drug court (IF SOMEONE CHOOSES) most of the time in all these drug courts it is for something much bigger. The vast number of cases are meth, crack, and are accompanied by instances of abuse and property crimes. I think to back up your argument a bit it is not because they turn those cases away or do not target possession offenses I think it is because the fact that a lac of funds limits who really gets access to drug courts therefore the more severe cases are the ones primarily addressed. Do people still not get rehab help out there who truly need it? Yes, I think so but I also think drug courts are really helping a whole lot of people get a second chance in life and the best thing we can do is to keep funding promoting and funding so we can help more people get a second chance.
Comment by Anonymous — July 26, 2007 @ 2:45 pm
I am not really coming at this issue from a Libertarian perspective or any other partisan perspective. I am coming at this with the knowledge that the drug war has been an abysmal failure that has cost untold billions of dollars and much more than that in the lives it has needlessly destroyed. Drug courts seem to just be another government program to try and address the massive failures of the government program known as the drug war. But, in most cases, this too will fail.
I don’t think the governmnt should be involved in the business of saving citizens from themselves, but since it absolutely insists that it must stick its nose in what ought to be a private family matter then they ought to provide the full gamut of things to help the people they round up and put into the drug courts meet all the requirements of drug court. For instance…the job requirement in Shelby Co. What happens to a person who has no job skills? As you know it is very hard to get a job if you have a drug conviction. Since a job is required shouldn’t vocational rehab be offered to those who need it? In the long run wouldn’t it make more economic sense to train a person with no job skills to be a productive member of society as opposed to having them work at McDonald’s or revoking their participation in drug court in the event that they cannot find a job? I don’t disagree with the job requirement in the least but feel that in some cases those in drug court are positively unemployable with their current set of skills and without assistance they are destined to fail and wind up in prison. And what about the school requirement? Are GED classes offered to people who do not have one? It is really hard to get a job without a GED….even at McDonald’s. Simple things like these would make drug courts much more successful in helping people get their lives back together if indeed that is the real purpose of drug court…but I have my doubts as to that being the real purpose.
I am not trying to drag you off on a legalization debate, although legalization and regulation would end most of the problems associated with drug use, and if we wised up and legalized and taxed marijuana then we would have tons of money that could go to provide treatemnt for hard core addicts, and I am not saying that we should give people in drug court a free college education or a CEO position with a Fortune 500 company….just saying that a lot of the requirements of drug court are completely unrealistic for many of the people in drug court. In other words it is set up for people to fail because of all the requirements imposed but none of the tools to achieve them. If the government insists on being involved in this business then they should commit to stop half-assing it and do it right.
Your book is in the mail…you should get it tomorrow.
Comment by Loretta Nall — July 27, 2007 @ 7:02 am
The drug court does it not have to go by the laws of the land that we should have our date in court NOT IN SHELBY county my son was put in drug court with out right given to him by law and told he would go to jail for one year if he didn’t do as told by the judge
Comment by Jay Ledford — July 31, 2007 @ 1:54 pm
Having watched my loved one struggle through drug court now for six months, I would like to share a few insights… On his very first day in the program he was told that no one had ever finished the program within the recommended time set by the program. On paper, the program should last 72 weeks if the client is in compliance. However, this 72 week process doesn’t start until the client starts thier classes, which is often months after they enter the program and start paying thier fees. My loved one, for instance, finally started his classes more than five months after he entered the program. Every delay was the fault of the program. Despite being on time to every appointment and paying every fee, he has been repeatedly rescheduled. After doing the math, the program generates somewhere in the neighborhood of 25 million dollars every year and a half. Can they not use a portion of that money to appropriately staff the program so that clients are treated in a fair amount of time. Another issue that he has faced is a dilute specimen result on one of his random drug tests. This sentence is for a charge that he recieved almost 3 years ago (another failure on the systems part get his case heard in a reasonable amount of time.) He has been drug free since then. He has passed countless drug tests since he started the program. One week after having a drug-free drug screen, he had a dilute specimen result. This result is said to have been caused by taking herbal supplements, weight lifting supplements, or system cleansing products. He has used none of the above mentioned items. Despite having severe allergies, he hasn’t even taken a Benadryl to avoid testing positive for amphetemines. Despite his “dilute specimen” testing negative for any drugs, they are going to force him to start his classes all over again, he had to pay to have the same sample re-tested, and he faces either 16 hours of community service or jail time. They tried to kick him out of the program all together, but fortunately his drug counselor vouched for hime and convinced the drug court to allow him to stay in the program as long as he starts all over again. From everything that I have read about dilute drug specimens, the best course of action is to have the client submit a NEW SAMPLE as soon as possible, not retest the same specimen. How are people expected to make progress? Restarting the program means that he has to pay for an additional 4 weeks of treatment as well as any consequence that the drug court judge will hand down when he goes to court. These failures mean that the vast majority of people enrolled in the program, are not successful. While some fail due to thier own mistakes, others fail because of reasons not drug related, like money. The program costs on average four hundred dollars a month. Participants are usually not able to secure and/or hold down good paying jobs due to thier drug court scheduled appointments and random drug testing routine, and four hundred dollars a month means other bills often must go unpaid… like rent and groceries. I understand that the drug court program is supposed to be a punishment, but if it success were made achievable to those who are sincere about completing the program, perhaps the program itself would have better success. What kind of encouragement is provided by disclosing that no one has ever completed the program on time? Perhaps that is a failure for the program and not the client…
Comment by Annamaria McGuffin — August 3, 2007 @ 7:36 am
While I am not familiar with the particulars of your case I can tell you from personal interviews and discussions with people involved with these cases nearly 70% of everyone going into the program did complete it on time including someone who I knew personally. Second, the program does not make any profit. It makes enough to pay for about 80% of the cost of running the program but still ends up about 20% short of the total cost of the program.
Comment by Cam Ward — August 3, 2007 @ 8:24 am
Well… that may be true, but the people running the Madison County drug court told an entire room of participants that no one had completed the program in time… ever. So if that isn’t the case, it would certainly help the morale of the group to hear the truth. And if the program has 5000-6000 clients, and it costs each of them 5000-7000 dollars to complete the program, that is at least a sum of 25 million dollars… if 3/4 of that goes to drug rehabilitation centers and court costs and restitution, then that still leaves around 6 million dollars to use for running the program… perhaps what the program needs is better money management and a new budget. Our government is full of excuses for why they don’t have enough money to do this and enough money to do that… this is just one more thing. Quite frankly, I feel Madison County’s Drug Court Program is another great example of the justice system making things easy for the wealthy. If someone comes from a family with money or has money of thier own, then the money it costs to be involved in the program is like a drop in the bucket. The wealthy get off easy. The poor on the other hand, get involved with the program thinking that it is achievable, and then must come to the terrible realization that now that they are involved in the program, they will now have to go without the bare neccesities, like housing, health insurance, transportation, or groceries. Everyone needs a home and food. Transportation is a must when you figure in all the appointments and random drug tests a client faces each month. Despite my loved one’s best efforts, he has been unable to make enough money to cover the aboved mentioned items himself. I have therefore had to take on a second job myself to help make ends meet, and we still fall very short of making it. What happens to those people who don’t have someone like me to step up and help them? Do they end up in jail? I would be curious to get the statistics on how many of those who fail out of the program do so due to money.
Comment by Annamaria McGuffin — August 5, 2007 @ 1:28 pm
Plz reply with use full information, i have brother having Alcohol addiction from last 7 years. He is suffering to much…does any one know about alcoholism treatment center or Christian alcoholism treatment
Comment by alcoholism treatment center — November 29, 2007 @ 5:37 pm
i am in a drug court program in cobb county and i am looking to find out information on the one in cherokke alabama to get a transfer. i have been in the program for over a year and it has changed my life for the better, and i would recomend this program to any addict or soon to be addict!if you have any information on the drud court in cherokee county alabama a phone number would help, my email is kasey202001@yahoo.com
Comment by kelly — September 26, 2008 @ 12:35 pm